*****
"Who's responsible for the laying waste of our economy, making the rich far richer and everyone else economically insecure? Madrick ...tells us who did what and how they did it--the ideologues, demagogues, corporate titans, and crooks. A wonderfully insightful but deeply troubling account of the movers and shakers who toppled America." -- Robert B. Reich,
The great financial crisis of 2008 had consequences so dreadful that still paralyzes our economy. It is sometimes portrayed as a 100 year economic tsunami, an erupting event that nobody could have prevented or even predicted. Intense economic inequity and instability became the character of our age. Jeff Madrick, director of policy research at the Schwartz Center for Economic Policy Analysis, eloquently tells us about the tragic story with an unerring command of expertise. His vivid historical version of America's greed bred economic ills, advancing quitely over the last four decades, and the agents most responsible for them may shock you. Deeply disturbing, is the suggestion not just that we are witnessing a repeating cycle, but that the busts keep getting bigger. According to Madrick, it was just the most recent downpayment for a recurrent pattern of financial outwit, taxpayer bailout, and Wall Street subsequent lack of commitment to clean their own mess.
He describes, the accumulation and eruption of America's slow receding economic crisis, in an engaging though tragic story. Thus, he relates that in 1991, when the outcome of vast, loan-financed commercial real estate over-development in the 1980's came home to settle, helping to trigger the collapse of the 'junk-bond' market and putting Citibank, and the other big banks to great risk. Thanks to monatory regulation, that bank deposits were federally insured, that averted a major crisis. Economists could be talking about 1982-83 reckless lending to Latin America, which ended in a severe debt crisis that threatened major banks such as, well Fargo, Citibank with great risk, and only huge lending to Mexico, Brazil held a deeper crisis to mature. The author reminds us, we could be talking about the grave problem trickled by the bankruptcy of Penn Central in 1970, which put its lead banker, First National City on the edge. Only Federal Reserve emergency lending could avert a looming disaster.
In the first part of the book, Madrick covers versant ground, chronicling how could this happen through a series of personal profiles. Friedman's worldview, advocated that free markets were the solution to almost every problem; bank regulation, financial speculation, product safety, and health care. Although Friedman offered some viable economic insights, he attempted to squeeze real market data to fit into a one-sided thesis, gaining his theories more approval than was ultimately justified. The transformation of American banking initiated by Wriston which began in early 1960's, when City Bank precursor initiated CDs, negotiable certificates of deposit, that could be cashed in early, as an alternative to regular bank deposits. As Madrick posed no difficulty to points out that, "Wriston lived a free market charade," strongly opposing the federal bailouts of Chrysler (1978) and Continental Illinois (1984) while his own back was saved multiple times by government intervention.
The second part of Madrick's book surveys the wide-open, anything goes financial world that deregulation created. This was an era marked by two huge bubbles--the technology bubble of the 1990s and the housing bubble of the Bush years--both of which ended in grief, although the economic damage inflicted by the second bubble's bursting was vastly greater.The illuminating narratives keep progressing taking away our blissful ignorance of the fine print of the free market players and economists strive to deal with their untamed greedy nature. But since all indications, that the author detailed, are most probably that the pattern is set to continue. Age of Greed: 1970 to the Present is a masterful exposition of the emergence and chronic persistence of this cyclic pattern. And since it seems that nothing was learned from the 2008 crisis, you have to wonder just how bad the next one will be.