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26 internautes sur 31 ont trouvé ce commentaire utile :
2.0étoiles sur 5
Hedges has snapped, Avril 8 2008
"Those who insist we are morally advancing as a species are deluding themselves. There is little in science or history to support this idea."
Hedges is overstating his case here. Yes, there are plenty of scientific utopians who will overstate the "progress" humanity has made in the past 500 years. But the fact is that the Enlightenment and contemporaneous developments elsewhere in the world have accomplished drastic improvements in the treatment of human beings by other human beings. Slavery, once a universal practice sanctioned by warlords and priests like, is now nearly abolished worldwide. Women, long held in brutal submission by cultural mores backed by religious authority, are accorded more freedom and dignity than at any other time in human history. Racial, cultural and religious minorities are protected by laws allowing them to live their lives without molestation or discrimination in most free societies today, a reality almost unheard of in the history of mankind. To associate the Nazis with the Enlightenment is shockingly ahistorical: Hitler's nationalist movement, like Mussolini's, was grounded in mythological romanticism and involved the complete rejection of legal and scientific authority, instead elevating the god-king and the tribe using language strikingly similar to the directions given by Jawhew in the Bible. Far from being a consequence of the Enlightenment, it was a reactionary movement against it and back toward tribal religious fanaticism.
WIAFTGUM was a beautiful and honest account of what war does to people and societies. "American Fascists" was a brave denunciation of one of the most dangerous political developments in America today, made doubly brave by his self-indentification as a Christian. But this second book seemed to exhibit a strange schizophrenic quality, as Hedges dredged up so much damning evidence against the Christian Right while insisting that their traditions and views had nothing, absolutely nothing, in common with those of "mainstream" Christians. In this final book, the strain of reconciling what he knows to be true of the Christian Dominionist movement with the history of "mainstream" Christianity seems to have driven him off the deep end.
Of course Christopher Hitchens is a racist, imperialistic boor. It's his trademark, and it helps him sell books and collect speaker's fees. He overstates the case against religion, attributing many atrocities to religion that were doubtless motivated by racism, greed, or imperialism but used religion as a pretext. This last criticism is equally true of Dawkins. But none of this invalidates the thesis that religion has historically encouraged, and continues to encourage, anti-egalitarian, anti-democratic, morbid, violent, misogynistic, culturally bigoted sentiments wherever it blooms most fiercely. Hedges' hesitance to examine the historical record in any depth on these points undermines his commitment to the project of redeeming religion from its terrible history, from the Inquisition to the KKK. I suspect that this book is an attempt to salvage his damaged faith after the harrowing it must have been subjected to while writing AF. But Hedges would have been better off keeping it to himself, because it is an unconvincing document.
Hedges' railing against "reason" is particularly troubling, as his arguments rely on reason for their force. This is the ultimate vindication of the Enlightenment: it argued, not that Reason was some unassailable idol whose worship would instantly grant us perfect knowledge and understanding, but rather that reason was the only guide by which one could reliably, albeit imperfectly and always at a remove, approach the truth. Any assault on this thesis using rational argument, as Hedges does, implicitly accepts the truth of the thesis while trying to disprove it, and is therefore doomed from the outset. Hedges' failure to recognize this suggests that he has lost his bearings; he is a rational man who is trying to defend groundless faith -- unreason -- by using reason, which is prima facie a futile endeavor.
The only effective arguments against reason are the gun, the fist, the image, the song, the chant, the battle cry, the burning cross, the noose. Words, laid out as an argument, are already on the side of reason, and pose no threat to it. This is the truth that Hedges and his fellow otherwise-rational religious sentimentalists and apologists refuse to grasp, and it makes them strange and contradictory.
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19 internautes sur 23 ont trouvé ce commentaire utile :
2.0étoiles sur 5
Atheism as "utopian"?, Jui 9 2008
Hedges's premises are very flawed.
First he believes is that the human society is not perfectable, (perhaps true), then he argues that it is harmful to try, (very dubious). In that regard he blames the 18th century Enlightenment for "utopian" attempts at perfecting human being and society for most of the bloodshed and suffering since then. (Right: so I suppose abolishing slavery was "utopian".)
Secondly, he condemns adamant atheists such as Dawkins and Hitchens as "utopian fundamentalists", working on the established theme that attempts to improve the human condition are futile and harmful. Funny: it struck me reading Dawkins and Hitchens that they were rather more cynical than utopian. As for these gents being "fundamentalist", it seems to me that to be fundamentalists you have to be fundamental to some revealed wisdom. These atheists, and most of my acquaintance, are rationalists who are very basically opposed to revealed wisdom or received knowledge without putting it to the test.
Hedges also resorts to other invalid and refuted notions regarding atheists, viz. that atheism as a "belief system" no different from religion, and that atheist are essentially without ethics or morality. Hedges also resorts to the weary and discredited arguement that because science hasn't (or "can't") explain everything, we must necessarily look to religious or spirituality explanations.
In general this book is trivial and a waste of time.
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7 internautes sur 9 ont trouvé ce commentaire utile :
1.0étoiles sur 5
Chris Hedges: I don't know what to believe!, Aoû 31 2008
I Don't Believe in Atheists
Mr. Hedges argues that fundamentalism itself is dangerous. He argues that both religious fundamentalists and new atheists are guilty of the same utopian fantasies and that we are not progressing morally as a species. His argument fails because the conclusions do not necessarily follow from the premises and the premises are false.
His argument is the repetitive idea that science is a cult and atheists are utopian. He berates scientific enquiry and atheists with broad generalizations and false characterizations. For example, he states, "The new atheists, like all fundamentalists, flee from complexity..." and "The new atheists, angry and polemical, adopt the rhetorical style of the bigots they attack." Hedges has cast a wide net that throws Dan Dennett in the same category as Jimmy Swaggart.
It's unfortunate the book is plagued by such misinformation and cynicism, because Hedges does make some good points regarding the destruction of democracy through the militarized corporate state. His rhetoric, however, is defeated by centuries of progress since the invention of the plough (to pick an arbitrary point in history), and more importantly, that morally we are evolving. He fails to acknowledge atheists would be the first to admit that 6.5 billion people offer a multitude of reasons for a constant state of war - not a utopian dream. Do health care and charity even exist in Hedges' world?
I started skim-reading when I read this passage on page 56, "The extinction of our species, though tragic, would not mean the extinction of life. The human race is not at the center of creation." Thank you Chris for stating the blatantly obvious - now what?
Hedges, it seems, is a christian-educated agnostic with a very cynical and negative world view. He shares many of the same ideas that atheists assert but clings to the belief that the unknown must be explained by something and rather than acknowledge that rational enquiry continues to provide reasonable explanations for an ever increasing range of topics, yet he still believes that sin, god, and biblical wisdom have a place in our discourse.
"I don't believe in atheists" is simply an exercise in defining atheists according to Hedges; the arguments are weak and general without much supporting evidence. Read the back cover and you'll have the entire argument in a nutshell or buy the book and read the same argument over and over and over again on every page. It's up to you.
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