Electronic Devices: Electron Flow Version [Hardcover]

Features and Benefits

NEW-Added chapter on Communications Circuits- Chapter 17.
Provides students with important material on basic receivers, the linear multiplier, amplitude and frequency modulation, and a more detailed discussion on Phase-Locked loops,
NEW-Revised chapter on Operational Amplifiers- Chapter 12.
Introduces students to the topics of open-loop and closed-loop response.
NEW- Reorganized format. Moves the chapter on power amplifiers after those on FETS and FET amplifiers for a more logical and easy-to-follow presentation.
NEW-More circuit simulations within numbered examples and problem sets.
Allows students to measure circuit quantities and troubleshoot faulty circuits in a simulated environment, and makes an excellent transition to lab experiments.
NEW-Improved design and layout- Uses color in a functional way.
Illustrates more visual discussions and supports Floyds clear, uncomplicated writing style.
Strong coverage of troubleshooting and applications throughout.
Teaches students practical troubleshooting techniques, and gives them a sense of how the theory of devices and circuits covered can be applied in a "real-world" situation.
Fine-tuned data and discussions throughout.
Enhances clarity and expands the presentation of select concepts.
Coverage of advanced integrated circuits- Chapter 15 includes instrumentation and isolation amplifiers; OTAs; log/antilog amplifiers; and converters.
Introduces students to circuits found in todays industry.
Enhanced system applications sections- Features full-color system illustrations and a strong troubleshooting focus.
Exposes students to the challenges they will encounter in the workplace- through the use of printed circuit boards and hands-on activities that relate theory to real-world applications.
Illustrated summaries-Integrates key principles, symbols, circuits, and formulas.
Reinforces concepts at strategic points throughout the narrative.
Hundreds of full-color photographs, illustrations, and system schematics.
Provides students with relevant illustrations of equipment and schematics they will encounter in the field.
A strong pedagogical framework- Includes chapter introductions; chapter objectives; section listings; key terms listings; performance-based section objectives; formula lists; chapter glossaries; chapter summaries; and chapter-end problems.
Over 160 worked examples- With accompanying related problems throughout the text. Illustrates the use and application of concepts, theories, and mathematical formulas to promote students understanding and retention of material.
Diversified problem sets in each chapter-Includes basic and advanced troubleshooting; data sheet; and EWB/multism troubleshooting.
Offers students a chance to practice applying theorems and formulas, and encourages them to think through a solution in a logical manner.
More than 1400 exercises-Includes questions; self-tests; and four types of chapter-end problems.

Electronic Devices: Electron Flow Version, Fourth Edition, has been carefully revised. Many suggestions and comments from reviewers and current users have been included to make this edition even more effective. A comprehensive coverage of electronic devices and circuits, including troubleshooting and practical applications, is provided. Chapters 1 through 11 are essentially devoted to discrete devices and circuits, whereas Chapters 12 through 18 primarily cover linear integrated circuits. The majority of chapters include a troubleshooting section, and most chapters have a System Application feature. The use of data sheets provides an important link between theory and the real world. Extensive exercises and problems using Electronics Workbench/Multisim circuit simulations help the student to verify circuit theory and develop troubleshooting and measurement skills. Referenced circuit files in both EWB Version 5 and Multisim are on the CD-ROM packaged with this book.

New Chapter on Communications Circuits. Chapter 17 includes coverage of basic receivers, multipliers, amplitude and frequency modulation, demodulation, mixers, IF and audio amplifiers, and phase-locked loops.

Two Chapters Combined. Chapter 12 and Chapter 13 have been combined by eliminating certain topics that have become nonessential or less important in the context of modern linear ICs.

Chapters Reordered. Chapters 6 through 9, which cover amplifiers, have been reordered so that the chapter on power amplifiers is now the last in that sequence and includes both BJTs and FETs.

Key Terms. A key terms list is now part of the chapter opener. These key terms are highlighted in color and indicated by a margin icon where they appear in the text. Definitions are given at the end of the chapter as well as at the end of the book in a comprehensive glossary.

System Applications Feature. The System Applications, which were formerly numbered sections, are now presented as a special feature rather than a section. This approach is more appropriate to the optional nature of these topics.

EWB and Multisim Troubleshooting Problems. A set of problems that reference EWB and Multisim files on the CD-ROM have been added to most chapters. Each reference circuit file contains a simulated circuit with an inserted fault. The student must troubleshoot each circuit to determine the faulty component.

General Improvements. Numerous topics throughout the book have been revised either by being completely rewritten, expanded, or condensed to improve and clarify the presentation. Devices that have become obsolete have been replaced by newer, similar devices.

• New, attractive text design and layout provide visual interest and ease of use.
• Full-color format
• Two-page chapter openers with a chapter outline, chapter objectives, introduction, list of key terms, and system application preview
• An introduction and list of objectives at the beginning of each section within a chapter
• Numerous worked examples, each with a related problem that provides a student exercise similar to that illustrated in the example. Answers to related problems are at the end of the chapter.
• An EWB/Multisim simulation on the CD-ROM for selected examples
• Section Reviews with answers at the end of the chapter
• A Troubleshooting section in the majority of chapters
• A System Application at the end of most chapters
• Chapter Summary, Key Term glossary, Key Formulas, and Self-Test at the end of each chapter. Answers to the self-test are also at the end of the chapter.
• Problem set at the end of each chapter divided by chapter sections and organized into basic and advanced categories. Selected problem circuits are available in EWB and Multisim on the CD-ROM. Additional problem categories of troubleshooting, data sheet, and EWB/Multisim Troubleshooting are found in many chapters.
• Table of standard resistor values, derivation of selected equations, data sheets, answers to odd-numbered problems, a comprehensive glossary, and the index are at the end of the book.This website offers students a free online study guide that they can check for conceptual understanding of key topics.

  Electronics Workbench®/Multisim® CD-ROM. Packaged with each textbook, this software includes simulation circuits for selected examples, troubleshooting sections, and selected problems with and without inserted faults. Each simulated circuit is found in both EWB Version 5 and Multisim.

  Laboratory Exercises for Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, by Dave Buchla. ISBN: 0-13092275-7

  Experiments in Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, by Howard Berlin, et al.Students will find additional troubleshooting exercises, )inks to industry sites, an interview with an electronics professional, and more.For the professor, this website offers the ability to post your syllabus online with our Syllabus Builder. This is a great solution for classes taught online, self-paced, or in any computer-assisted manner.

  Electronics Workbench/Multisim CD-ROM. Although the CD-ROM accompanying the textbook is primarily for the benefit of the student, solution and fault information is provided on the disk for the instructor's use. Refer to the CD-ROM organization diagram, which shows the folder hierarchy and file naming convention. Circuits containing faults are password-protected so that only the instructor can identify the faults. Solution files are available for each student circuit and are also password-protected and accessible only to the instructor.

  Instructor's Resource Manual. Includes solutions to chapter problems, System Application results, and Test Item File. ISBN: 0-13-092257-9

  Lab Solutions Manual for Laboratory Exercises for Electronic Devices by Buchla. Includes worked-out lab results. ISBN: 0-13-092274-9

  Lab Solutions Manual for Experiments in Electronic Devices by Berlin et al. Includes worked-out lab results.Instructors will find the Prentice Hall Electronics Technology Journal, extra classroom resources, and all of the supplements for this text available online for easy access. Contact your local Prentice Hall sales representative for your "User Name" and "Passcode."

  Online Course Support. If your program is offering your electronics course in a distance learning format, please contact your local Prentice Hall sales representative for a list of product solutions.

  PowerPoint® CD-ROM. Contains slides featuring all figures from the text, as well as text highlights for use in lecture presentations. ISBN: 0-13-092263-3

  Prentice Hall Test Manager. This is a CD-ROM version of the Test Item File. ISBN: 0-13092259-5

  Chapter Features

  Chapter Opener. Each chapter begins with a two-page spread, as shown in Figure P-1. The chapter opener includes the chapter number and title, a chapter introduction, a list of chapter sections, chapter objectives, key terms, a System Application preview, and a website reference for associated study aids.

  Section Opener. Each section in a chapter begins with a brief introduction and section objectives. An example is shown in Figure P-2.

  Section Review. Each section in a chapter ends with a review consisting of questions that highlight the main concepts presented in the section. This feature is also illustrated in Figure P-2. The answers to the Section Reviews are at the end of the chapter.

  Worked Examples, Related Problems, and EWB/Multisim Exercise. Numerous worked examples throughout each chapter illustrate and clarify basic concepts or specific procedures. Each example ends with a Related Problem that reinforces or expands on the example by requiring the student to work through a problem similar to the example. Selected examples feature an EWB/Multisim exercise keyed to a file on the CD-ROM which contains the circuit illustrated in the example. A typical example with a Related Problem and an EWB/Multisim exercise is shown in Figure P-3. Answers to Related Problems are at the end of the chapter.

  Troubleshooting Sections. Many chapters include a troubleshooting section that relates to the topics covered in the chapter and that illustrates troubleshooting procedures and techniques.

  System Application. System Applications follow the last section in each chapter (except Chapter 1) and are identified by a special photographic logo and colored background design. A practical application of devices or circuits covered in the chapter is presented. The student learns how the specific device or circuit is used and is asked to compare a schematic to a printed circuit board, develop a test procedure, and troubleshoot specific faults. A typical System Application is shown in Figure P-1. The System Applications are optional and skipping any of them does not affect any other coverage.

  Although they are not intended or designed for use as a laboratory project, most System Applications use realistic graphics for printed circuit boards and instruments. Results for the System Applications are provided in the Instructor's Resource Manual.

  Chapter End Matter. The following pedagogical features are found at the end of each chapter:

  • Summary
  • Key Term glossary
  • Key Formulas
  • Self-Test
  • Basic Problems
  • Advanced Problems
  • Data Sheet Problems (selected chapters)
  • Troubleshooting Problems (most chapters)
  • EWB/Multisim Troubleshooting Problems (most chapters)
  • Answers to Section Reviews
  • Answers to Related Problems for Examples
  • Answers to Self-Test
  Suggestions for Using This Textbook

  As mentioned, this book covers discrete devices in Chapters 1 through 11 and integrated circuits in Chapters 12 through 18.

  Option 1 (two terms). Chapters 1 through 11 can be covered in the first term. Depending on individual preferences and program emphasis, selective coverage may be necessary. For example, you may choose to omit Chapter 11 if the topic of thyristors is covered in a later industrial electronics course. Chapters 12 through 18 can be covered in the second term. Again, selective coverage may be necessary.

  Option 2 (one term). By omitting certain topics and by maintaining a rigorous schedule, this book can be used in one-term courses. For example, a course covering only discrete devices and circuits would cover Chapters 1 through 11 with, perhaps, some selectivity.

  Similarly, a course requiring only linear integrated circuit coverage would cover Chapters 12 through 18. Another approach is a very selective coverage of discrete devices and circuits topics followed by a limited coverage of integrated circuits (only op-amps for example).

  To the Student

  There is an old saying that is very applicable to the study of this textbook as well as many other endeavors in life. It goes like this—Do one thing at a time, do it very well, and then move on.

  When studying a particular chapter, study one section until you understand it and only then move on to the next one. Read each section and study the related illustrations carefully, think about the material, work through each example step-by-step, work its Related Problem and check the answer, and then answer each question in the section review, checking your answers at the end of the chapter. Don't expect each concept to be crystal clear after a single reading; you may have to read the material two or even three times. Once you believe that you understand the material, review the chapter summary, key formula list, and key term definitions at the end of the chapter. Take the multiple-choice self-test. Finally, work the assigned problems at the end of the chapter. Working through these problems is perhaps the most important way to check and reinforce your comprehension of the chapter. By working problems, you acquire an additional level of insight and understanding that reading or classroom lectures alone do not provide.

  Generally, you cannot fully understand a concept or procedure by simply watching or listening to someone else. Only hard work and critical thinking will produce the results you expect and deserve.

  Milestones in Electronics

  Before you begin your study of electronic devices, let's briefly look at some of the important developments that led to the electronics technology we have today. The names of many of the early pioneers in electricity and electromagnetic s still live on in terms of familiar units and quantities. Names such as Ohm, Ampere, Volta, Farad, Henry, Coulomb, Oersted, and Hertz are some of the better known examples with which you are already familiar. More widely known names such as Franklin and Edison are also significant in the history of electricity and electronics because of their tremendous contributions. Biographies of a few important figures in the history of electronics are shown.

  The Beginning of Electronics. Early experiments with electronics involved electric currents in vacuum tubes. Heinrich Geissler (1814-1879) removed most of the air from a glass tube and found that the tube glowed when there was current through it. Later, Sir William Crookes (1832-1919) found the current in vacuum tubes seemed to consist of particles. Thomas Edison (1847-1931) experimented with carbon filament bulbs with plates and discovered that there was a current from the hot filament to a positively charged plate. He patented the idea but never used it.

  Other early experimenters measured the properties of the particles that flowed in vacuum tubes. Sir Joseph Thompson (1856-1940) measured properties of these particles, later called electrons.

  Although wireless telegraphic communication dates back to 1844, electronics is basically a 20th century concept that began with the invention of the vacuum tube amplifier. An early vacuum tube that allowed current in only one direction was constructed by John A. Fleming in 1904. Called the Fleming valve, it was the forerunner of vacuum tube diodes. In 1907, Lee DeForest added a grid to the vacuum tube. The new device, called the audiotron, could amplify a weak signal. By adding the control element, DeForest ushered in the electronics revolution. It was with an improved version of his device that made transcontinental telephone service and radios possible. In 1912, a radio amateur in San Jose, California, was regularly broadcasting music!

  In 1921, the secretary of commerce, Herbert Hoover, issued the first license to a broadcast radio station; within two years over 600 licenses were issued. By the end of the 1920s radios were in many homes. A-new type of radio, the superheterodyne radio, invented by Edwin Armstrong, solved problems with high-frequency communication. In 1923, Vladimir Zworykin, an American researcher, invented the first television picture tube, and in 1927 Philo T. Farnsworth applied for a patent for a complete television system.

  The 1930s saw many developments in radio, including metal tubes, automatic gain control, "midget sets," directional antennas, and more. Also started in this decade was the development of the first electronic computers. Modern computers trace their origins to the work of John Atanasoff at Iowa State University. Beginning in 1937, he envisioned a binary machine that could do complex mathematical work. By 1939, he and graduate student Clifford Berry had constructed a binary machine called ABC, (for Atanasoff-Berry Computer) that used vacuum tubes for logic and condensers (capacitors) for memory. In 1939, the magnetron, a microwave oscillator, was invented in Britain by Henry Boot and John Randall. In the same year, the klystron microwave tube was invented in America by Russell and Sigurd Varian.

  During World War II, electronics developed rapidly. Radar and very high-frequency communication were made possible by the magnetron and klystron. Cathode ray tubes were improved for use in radar. Computer work continued during the war. By 1946, John von Neumann had developed the first stored program computer, the Eniac, at the University of Pennsylvania. The decade ended with one of the most important inventions ever, the transistor.

  Solid-State Electronics. The crystal detectors used in early radios were the forerunners of modern solid-state devices. However, the era of solid-state electronics began with the invention of the transistor in 1947 at Bell Labs. The inventors were Walter Brattain, John Bardeen, and William Shockley. PC (printed circuit) boards were introduced in 1947, the year the transistor was invented. Commercial manufacturing of transistors began in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in 1951.

  The most important invention of the 1950s was the integrated circuit. On September 12, 1958, Jack Kilby, at Texas Instruments, made the first integrated circuit (Figure P-5), for which he was awarded a Nobel prize in the fall of 2000. This invention literally created the modern computer age and brought about sweeping changes in medicine, communication, manufacturing, and the entertainment industry. Many billions of "chips"—as integrated circuits came to be called—have since been manufactured.

  The 1960s saw the space race begin and spurred work on miniaturization and computers. The space race was the driving force behind the rapid changes in electronics that followed. The first successful "op-amp" was designed by Bob Widlar at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1965. Called the /AA709, it was very successful but suffered from "latch-up" and other problems. Later, the most popular op-amp ever, the 741, was taking shape at Fairchild. This op-amp became the industry standard and influenced design of op-amps for years to come. Precursors to the Internet began in the 1960s with remote networked computers. Systems were in place within Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that connected over 100 terminals to a computer system (colorfully called the "Octopus system"). In an experiment in 1969 with very remote computers, an exchange took place between researchers at UCLA and Stanford. The UCLA group hoped to connect to a Stanford computer and began by typing the word "login" on its terminal. A separate telephone connection was set up and the following conversation occurred.

  The UCLA group asked over the phone, "Do you see the letter L?"

  "Yes, we see the L."

  The UCLA group typed an O. "Do you see the letter O?"

  "Yes, we see the O."

  The UCLA group typed a G. At this point the system crashed. Such was technology, but a revolution was in the making.

  By 1971, a new company that had been formed by a group from Fairchild introduced the first microprocessor. The company was Intel and the product was the 4004 chip, which had the same processing power as the Eniac computer. Later in that same year, Intel announced the first 8-bit processor, the 8008. In 1975, the first personal computer was introduced by Altair, and Popular Science magazine featured it on the cover of the January, 1975, issue. The 1970s also saw the introduction of the pocket calculator and new developments in optical integrated circuits.

  By the 1980s, half of all U.S. homes were using cable hookups instead of television antennas. The reliability, speed, and miniaturization of electronics continued throughout the 1980s, including automated testing and calibrating of PC boards. The computer became a part of instrumentation and the virtual instrument was created. Computers became a standard tool on the workbench.

  The 1990s saw a widespread application of the Internet. In 1993, there were 130 websites; by the start of the new century (in 2001) there were over 24 million. In the 1990s, companies scrambled to establish a home page and many of the early developments of radio broadcasting had parallels with the Internet. The exchange of information and e-commerce fueled the tremendous economic growth of the 1900s. The Internet became especially important to scientists and engineers, becoming one of the most important scientific communication tools ever.

  In 1995, the FCC allocated spectrum space for a new service called Digital Audio Radio Service. Digital television standards were adopted in 1996 by the FCC for the nation's next generation of broadcast television. As the 20th century drew toward a close, historians could only breathe a sign of relief. As one wag put it, "I'm all for new technologies, but I wish they'd let the old ones wear out first"

  The 21st century dawned in January 2001 (although most people celebrated the new century the previous year, known as "Y2K"). The major technology story was the continued explosive growth of the Internet. Traffic on the Internet doubles every 100 days with no end in sight. The future of technology looks brighter than ever.

  Acknowledgments Many capable people have been part of this revision for the sixth edition of Electronic Devices. It has been thoroughly reviewed and checked for both content and accuracy. Those at Prentice Hall who have contributed greatly to this project throughout the many phases of development and production include Rex Davidson, Kate Linsner, and Scott Sambucci. Lois Porter, whose attention to details is unbelievable, has once more done an outstanding job editing the manuscript. Jane Lopez and Steve Botts have once again provided the excellent illustrations and beautiful graphics work used in the text. As with the previous edition, Gary Snyder has created the circuit files for the Electronics Workbench and Multisim features in this edition. A line-by-line review was done by Dave Hodder.

  I wish to express my appreciation to those already mentioned as well as the reviewers who provided many valuable suggestions and constructive criticism that greatly influenced this edition. These reviewers are Roger Harlow, Mesa Community College; James L. Havens, Hallmark Institute of Technology; David Hodder, Yuba Community College; Ron Ingle, Midlands Technical College; Steven D. Johnson, DeVry Institute of Technology; Byron Paul, Bismarck State College; James F. Pechloff, Waukesha County Technical College; and Robert A. Powell, Oakland Community College.

  Tom Floyd