A History of the Vikings [Paperback]

Just note that if you decide to tackle this work, you are in for a real challenge. Jones is clearly the type of historian who refuses to let any detail or piece of knowledge go unused, giving this book an often oppressive sense of information overload. Some sections could really use more brevity and big-picture conclusions rather than all the exactitude. A case in point is the intensive coverage of petty power struggles between minor figures that really makes the tail end of the book a slog. In general, Jones' use of extremely long paragraphs, some of which are more than two pages in length, plus imposingly exact footnotes, lead to some real readability issues. But if you can hunker down and tackle such difficulties, you will be able to amaze your colleagues with the knowledge of Viking history that Jones imparts.

The scope is comprehensive. He starts the story with the earliest references to Scandinavia in Greek and Roman literature (the Scandinavians didn't start writing their own history until well after the Viking period) and carries it right through to the defeat of the last Viking invasion of England in 1066. The start point couldn't be set earlier; the end point is perhaps a little arbitrary (anyone who has read Orkneyinga Saga knows there were still people around in the 12th century AD who hadn't heard the Viking age was over), but you've got to draw a line somewhere. Geographically, he covers the full sweep of the Viking world, from Newfoundland to the Volga and all points between. Unlike many writers, who treat the Viking phenomenon largely from the viewpoint of the people they attacked, he gives full weight to the Vikings at home and to the slow and painful integration of the Scandinavian homelands into more or less (often less) unified kingdoms.

Like all serious modern Viking scholars, he is healthily sceptical about the saga and legendary sources, but he uses infinite care and judgement in extracting the sparse grains of historical fact from them. He makes skilful use of the remarkable range of material from the Vikings' neighbours: monastic chronicles from Western Europe and Russia; King Alfred's debriefing of a visiting Norwegian merchant; the Byzantine Emperor's strategic review of his northern borders; and - most surprising to the newcomer in the field - the several surviving reports by Arab diplomats. He has also taken full advantage of the advances in Viking archaeology over the last 35 years. It is salutary to remember that back in the 1960s there was by no means complete acceptance of the Anse aux Meadows site in Newfoundland as Viking.

The treatment is largely narrative, but it never degenerates into a relentless chronological grind because he pauses from time to time to insert thematic chapters covering matters like ecology, ethnography, ships, navigation, and so on, and he alternates the viewpoint between the Scandinavian homelands and the Viking movements overseas, both peaceful and warlike. Also, while pursuing broad trends and root causes with scholarly acumen, he clearly relishes the personalities in Viking history, from the legendary King Dag ("unlikely death of an unlikely king" says the index entry), via Gunnhild Mother of Kings ("a famous but somewhat fictitious northern lady"), to Harald Hardradi, last and greatest of them all - warrior in Russia, captain of the Varangian Guard at Byzantium, and King of Norway, whose claim to England (the unreliable legend says) won him only seven feet of ground - "because he is taller than other men".

Jones expects from his readers the same intelligence and interest that he deployed in writing his book. He makes no compromises on coverage or on the level of debate, so the book is factually dense (or factually rich, as I prefer to see it) and closely argued, but it is never a heavy read. His style comes out of the heart of the Welsh way with English - immensely fluent, allusive, full of cross-cultural reference and the occasional sly aside. If you like that sort of thing (and I do - it must be the genes from my own Welsh grandmother) it is a huge source of entertainment, over and above the purely factual richness of the book. On the other hand, it may be a time-waster for those who don't catch the references - for example, you won't understand Jones's sly little comment on Al-Tartushi's description of Danish singing unless you know that the Welsh have a certain conceit of their own ability in the matter. But it's a great read anyway!