Introduction * Mothers and Others: An Historical, Cultural and Theological View of Non-Mothers and Mothers * Motherhood Matters: Non-Mothers and Mothers in Education, Social Science and Feminism * Madonnas and Misfits: Hierarchies of Motherhood and Mothering * Foreign Holidays and Stair Carpets: Voluntary Childlessness and Non-Motherhood * Desperate Identities?: Involuntary Childlessness and Non-Motherhood * 'Unreal' Mothers: From Mothering Miracles to Mothering the Children of Others * Reflections