Panther vs T-34: Ukraine 1943 [Paperback]

This thin volume, containing a mere 73 pages of text, is a mini-encylopedia of information, insight, and analysis on these two feared weapons of World War II: the German Panther and Soviet T-34 tanks.

The book provides an excellent (if not unparalleled for a book of this size and cost) review of the design, development, strengths, and flaws of each of these fighting vehicles. It discloses the politics (as well as the favoritism and nepotism) that hindered the design and development of each vehicle, with the result that both were initially knowingly sent into battle with major weaknesses. (Indeed, the Panzers were sent to the front despite the refusal of Heinz Guderian, Inspector for Panzer Troops, to certify them as combat ready. Guderian was over-ridden by a Nazi bureaucrat working under Speer who was anxious to please Hitler and had promised Hitler that Panzers in sufficient numbers would be available for Operation Citadel (the attack on the Kursk salient) by May 1943. Despite this promise, the attack was repeatedly delayed while the Panzers (and Tigers) underwent further testing and refinement until Hitler finally ordered that Operation Citadel would begin on July 5th no matter what.)

The book also ably discusses in detail the specifications for each tank during the period covered (June-December 1943), with excellent line drawings of the main guns (75 mm for the Panther, 76mm for the T-34), and additional drawings of each vehicle from one side, the front, and the rear. (There are no drawings of the interiors of either vehicle, but there are some interesting ones of the views offered to the gunner of the Panther and the commander/gunner of the T-34 as he looked through the sights of his gun, as well as a two-page spread of a battle scene between these tanks from the German point of view.) An interesting chapter on the training of the crews for each tank is also included.

A third of the book contains a well-written discussion and analysis of five major engagements between these two vehicles in 1943, including Kursk and Kharkov, that includes first-hand perspectives of veterans of the conflicts.

All in all, an engaging and well-written look at these two fighting machines, one in its infancy and the other in its prime (at least until the advent of the Panther). The Panthers had a far greater kill ratio over the T-34s but the Panthers were far less reliable mechanically and far less mobile than the T-34s. (The Germans lost far more Panthers to mechanical breakdowns and hasty retreats than they did in actual combat as Hitler had a standing order to destroy any Panthers that might fall into enemy hands.) In the last six months of 1943 the Soviets could build 1,300 T-34s a month, while the Germans could only produce 200 Panthers a month in the same period. (I.e., for each Panzer the Germans built, the Soviets were able to build more than six T-34s in the same amount of time.)

I enjoyed this book and learned a great deal from it. As a 1970's era wargamer, I always saw the Panther as superior, given the higher combat factors assigned it in the famous wargame Panzerblitz. Yet the author makes a convincing case that the T-34's outstanding mobility counted for far more than the Panther's admittedly impressive firepower. While a Panther could usually best a T-34 in a one-on-one encounter, Panthers were always outnumbered. Panthers were also seriously unreliable, at least in 1943. This made a big difference, meaning the Soviets could transfer entire tank corps over distances greater than 100 kilometers, while the Germans had to haul Panthers any significant distance by railroad. The T-34's advantage in operational mobility was extremely helpful, and maybe even decisive, as the tide turned in Russia during 1943. When the Germans tried to retreat with Panthers under their own power over long distances, breakdowns were frequent. As a result, more Panthers were blown up to prevent capture than were lost in combat.

This finely detailed book made the Russian front interesting to me despite a preference for other parts of World War II. It gives details on the design history of these two tanks, as well as insight into crew training and day-to-day life. The author also gives a detailed analysis of a duel in the Kursk campaign. Graphic quality is very good. Few of the Osprey books are as well-researched as this one. Whether you are a casual reader interested in tanks or a serious student of armored warfare, this title is a "must read."

Very good book. However, the Panther's achilles heal was actually the thickness of her side armor(50mm). Her mechanical problems were remedied soon after the battle of Kursk. But whatever she may have given up in armor,her powerful KwK/42 (L/70) 7.5cm main gun more than made up for it. This gun actually had more penetrating power than the main gun on the Tiger I . The Panther could engage and destroy frontal plate armor on all T-34 versions at 2,000 meters while the Soviet counterpart had to get to 500 meters to do the same to the Panther. It was the combined tactics of the Soviets to outnumber the Panzers five and six to one and then "get in close" regardless of losses that ultimately doomed the Panther and all the great german tanks . This is an advantage in numerical superiority and not mechanical superiority. One on One, the Panther was the most deadly tank of WWII. I would respectfully disagree with the outcome of the Author.

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