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Risk: Why We Fear the Things We Shouldn't - and Put Ourselves in Greater Danger
 
 

Risk: Why We Fear the Things We Shouldn't - and Put Ourselves in Greater Danger (Paperback)

by Dan Gardner (Author)
4.0 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (8 customer reviews)
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Review

"An overdue rational antidote to those of us who fear becoming a victim of the next terrorist attack, a fiery plane crash or some exotic killer disease." — The Ottawa Citizen

"Entertaining....A breath of fresh air and common sense." — Publishers Weekly

"Compelling ... an invaluable resource for anyone who aspires to think clearly" The Guardian, UK

"A fascinating insight into the peculiar and devastating nature of human fear" — Sunday Telegraph, UK

“An excellent work… his take on terrorism in the book’s penultimate chapter is refreshing ... a cheery corrective to modern paranoia.” — The Economist

“A beautifully observed study.” — The Observer, UK

“Terrific… As a writer, he’s exceptionally good.” — The Evening Standard, UK


From the Hardcover edition.


Product Description

In the tradition of Malcolm Gladwell, Gardner explores a new way of thinking about the decisions we make.

We are the safest and healthiest human beings who ever lived, and yet irrational fear is growing, with deadly consequences — such as the 1,595 Americans killed when they made the mistake of switching from planes to cars after September 11. In part, this irrationality is caused by those — politicians, activists, and the media — who promote fear for their own gain. Culture also matters. But a more fundamental cause is human psychology.

Working with risk science pioneer Paul Slovic, author Dan Gardner sets out to explain in a compulsively readable fashion just what that statement above means as to how we make decisions and run our lives. We learn that the brain has not one but two systems to analyze risk. One is primitive, unconscious, and intuitive. The other is conscious and rational. The two systems often agree, but occasionally they come to very different conclusions. When that happens, we can find ourselves worrying about what the statistics tell us is a trivial threat — terrorism, child abduction, cancer caused by chemical pollution — or shrugging off serious risks like obesity and smoking.

Gladwell told us about “the black box” of our brains; Gardner takes us inside, helping us to understand how to deconstruct the information we’re bombarded with and respond more logically and adaptively to our world. Risk is cutting-edge reading.


From the Hardcover edition.

Inside This Book (Learn More)
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Front Cover | Copyright | Table of Contents | Excerpt | Index
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Risk: Why We Fear the Things We Shouldn't - and Put Ourselves in Greater Danger
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Risk: Why We Fear the Things We Shouldn't - and Put Ourselves in Greater Danger 4.0 out of 5 stars (8)
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Customer Reviews

8 Reviews
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17 of 17 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars An exceptionally balanced look at Risk and how we experience it, Aug 13 2008
By James Connolly (Montreal, QC Canada) - See all my reviews
(REAL NAME)   
After having read Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions and Why Popcorn Costs So Much at the Movies: And Other Pricing Puzzles, I was predisposed to find Gardner's Risk lacking in depth and relevance.

While the first two are written by economists for the masses and fail (in different ways) to deliver content that goes beyond "interesting" to "generalizable to the human condition", Risk: The Science and Politics of Fear is exceptionally interesting and illustrative. Gardner, a reporter not an economist, has researched his topic to depths atypical of modern texts. He provides historical and visceral examples of his topics, then extends the understanding to current happenings in the world and goes so far as to show the implications (practical and irrational) of such understanding.

Like Naked Economics, this book is powerfully educational without being dry, preachy, or esoteric. A particular sign of quality is Gardner's highly insightful treatment of the modern media and those who wield it. While I won't say I sympathize with media editors and producers, I have a greater appreciation for how they are swayed by the "current story" - zeitgeist or meme if you will - almost as much as consumers of media.

If you want to enjoy a book which may expose your own consistent (yet mistaken) views on risk, and if you're ready for the challenges posed by this newfound knowledge, you will find Gardner's book well worth the time invested in reading it.
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10 of 10 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars And the odds are . . .?, Jul 21 2008
By Stephen A. Haines (Ottawa, Ontario Canada) - See all my reviews
(TOP 10 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)   
Dan Gardner's concerned about how we handle fear. In North America, of course, a single event, the 11 September attacks on the World Trade Centre and Pentagon generated a new level of fear in the population. So unexpected and abrupt was use of commercial aircraft in a terrorist assault that an avoidance of flying was the immediate and widespread reaction. Gardner, however, wants to consider the event and the reaction in a more rational perspective. He notes at the outset of the book that the chance of dying in auto incidents is far higher than that of flying. As the statistics proved - since nearly 1600 additional auto deaths - about half of those lost at the World Trade Centre - were added to the annual total in the following year. Gardner taps into psychology and the field of risk assessment in this fascinating study of how we deal with fear. We aren't doing a very good job of it.

For millions of years animals relied on quick responses for survival. Reaction to potential danger or a possible meal left no time, nor need, for reflecting. Act fast or expire. That kind of brain is now called the limbic system, or "lizard brain". Evolution granted humans a chance to build on that foundation to produce a "thinking" part of the brain. The limbic system is still in place, however, and issuing commands we are rarely aware of. Psychologists, says Gardner, call these System One and System Two. The author, in the best journalist's style, calls these The Gut and The Head. The Gut reacts to crisis situations quickly and effectively. The Head follows along later at a more deliberate pace - if it gets any voice at all.

Gardner is eager to have us understand how these Systems work. He contends that we are carrying a reaction system founded on our ancestors' time on the African savannah. Our brains haven't adapted to the fast-paced, high technology world around us. We are reacting almost entirely with The Gut, and we are making serious mistakes as a result. Are we truly under threat from the things we claim to fear? He cites numerous cases, from the fear of "man-made" chemicals through the spectre of cancer to the possibility of our children being assaulted by strangers. Each of the topics is introduced with our given views - usually captured by polls, then carefully assessed by examining the real odds. In every case, the important things to consider almost certainly haven't been. The breast cancer campaigns have uniformly overlooked the role of age in determining the likelihood of its occurrence.

The calculations leave little doubt that we are far too often looking at threats with little consideration of their true nature. Why are we reacting so readily with The Gut instead of with The Head? In no small part, Gardner argues, media, politicians and industry play a significant part. Media, anxious to sell its products, emphasizes the violent, the extreme and the bizarre. The result, of course, is that's what captures our attention. The bombardment of such stories, often unthinkingly repeated by politicians, is a reinforcement of The Gut's reaction to this kind of information. Never seeing a rational analysis of such news, we lose any sense of proportion about what is truly important. We rarely find the opportunity to consider an issue rationally before the next one is upon us.

Gardner is not simply playing a new form of "scare" journalism. Various scholars have researched each of the topics. Their tests are well described and the analyses are carefully explained. These examples provide the book with a sound foundation, making this book something to consider carefully. As a conclusion, the author reminds us that we haven't taken into account the benefits our time enjoys when compared to even the recent past. Childhood diseases, such as diphtheria, have been removed as a threat to our families and society. We should remember that and remind ourselves to use The Head when events are trying to drive The Gut to dominate our thinking. [stephen a. haines - Ottawa, Canada]
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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful:
5.0 out of 5 stars Manipulating People Though Fear, Feb 13 2009
By G. Poirier (Orleans, ON, Canada) - See all my reviews
(TOP 50 REVIEWER)    (REAL NAME)   
This book mainly deals with psychology as it pertains to human reaction to tragic events. In roughly the first third of the book, the author discusses important aspects of how the human mind works under various conditions - especially scary situations. He comes up with a set of simple rules that are used throughout the book to help explain how people behave when frightened by something that they don't understand very well. But the main theme of this book, and what is most disturbing, is how these fears can be used and played upon by certain groups, e.g., politicians, the media, etc., to manipulate the public in order to fulfill some hidden agenda, e.g., winning votes, selling newspapers, acquiring funding for something, etc. A great many examples of fear-inducing events are presented, including terrorism, epidemics, cancer incidence/deaths, various disasters, etc. Fortunately, all of these are put into perspective by the author in order to illustrate how the often-resulting public fear is usually completely unnecessary. The writing style is clear, fast-paced, authoritative and quite engaging. This book can be enjoyed by anyone, especially psychology and sociology buffs but also by those concerned about how the public's fears can be so skillfully and often cruelly exploited.
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