Is this the face of genius? asks
Shakespeares Face, the follow-up book to
Globe and Mail reporter Stephanie Nolens startling front-page revelation on May 11, 2001, that a 1603 portrait believed to be of William Shakespeare--possibly the only existing image of the playwright painted from life--had turned up in the possession of a Canadian family that had owned it for 12 generations. Whether or not the portrait actually depicts the Bard--and the consensus of the impressive panel of experts assembled to back up Nolens investigation with supporting chapters is a resounding maybe--the real genius of
Shakespeares Face lies in the books packaging.
Hard-core detective work lies at the heart of countless academic publications by English professors and art historians, but most lay readers--except possibly Antiques Roadshow buffs--dont go trolling history sections looking for a sexy read. Yet when Nolens story broke, its pop appeal was immense, even ranking a spread in Vanity Fair. Never mind that Nolen didnt exactly discover the painting (known as the Sanders portrait)--she was scooped by an article the New York Times ran in 1928, when the painting was exhibited in a Manhattan department store, not to mention scholarly articles published in 1909 and 1911. Still, the painting had been out of circulation for long enough that when Nolens mother tipped her that a retired engineer living in Ottawa was trying to authenticate the image, it was big news.
The assembled experts in Shakespeare's Face write with insight and integrity. Andrew Gurr (Staging in Shakespeares Theatres) offers a typical observation: I have to confess to being almost seduced into wanting the Sanders portrait to be of Shakespeare, if only because the thought that he might have agreed to have his portrait painted in 1603 prompts so many colourful ideas about his state of mind in that remarkable year. Detailed discussions reveal that the Sanders portrait is an authentic Elizabethan painting in excellent condition, and that it may even depict Shakespeare or someone he knew. Jonathan Bate (The Oxford Illustrated History of Shakespeare on Stage) suggests the playwrights protégé, John Fletcher. Art historian Tarnya Cooper provides context for portraiture of the time but concludes that it might be "fitting for the painting to retain the secret of the sitter's identity."
Nolens lively introductory and interlinking chapters make for great reading, but when it comes to spinning the expert analysis to support the original Globe articles hype (the only existing portrait painted while the playwright was alive), the lady doth protest too much. --Deirdre Hanna
--This text refers to an alternate
Hardcover
edition.
Shakespeare was a "pin-up" long before Joseph Fiennes in Shakespeare in Love made him one for movie fans. In his essay "The God Of Our Idolatry" (one of several that graces Stephanie Nolen's fascinating Shakespeare's Face), Stanley Wells refers to a play, by an unknown playwright from 1600, in which a character named Gullio (a nice play on the Elizabethan word for "fool") hero-worships Shakespeare to the extent of wooing his mistress with quotations from Venus and Adonis and Romeo and Juliet and then vowing: "O, sweet Master Shakespeare! I'll have his picture in my study at the court." The 18th century took hero-adoration much farther by turning Shakespeare into a divinity, especially when David Garrick's commemorative Shakespeare Jubilee of 1769 proclaimed him "the God of our Idolatry." Bardolatry continued feverishly into the 19th century, and Canada was infected by it. There were all manner of literary societies dedicated to him. Our Victorians continued to swoon over Shakespeare's love-poetry, his wise saws, and romantic or noble characters.
In his own time, Shakespeare never enjoyed such excessively privileged status. Jonathan Bate asserts in the Nolen book: "the consensus in the immediate aftermath of Shakespeare's death was that he had been a great dramatist but no freak of nature." In other words, he was first among equals but not a rare genius. After he died, he ascended to the heavens as the greatest literary staran arguably correct promotion but one with a considerable "downside," for the apotheosis led to a backlash in the form of conspiracy-theories questioning his authorship of the great plays. Academia or perverse tendentiousness (which is often the same thing) is to blame, of course, for the great tumble of essays and books that claim that Francis Bacon (or his older brother Anthony) wrote the plays. And if not Bacon, then possibly Queen Elizabeth herself or King James himself, John Florio (an Anglo-Italian dictionary-maker), or Christopher Marlowe, or, most probably, the Earl of Oxford. Interestingly, neither brotherly strip of Bacon was rash enough to claim authorship of Shakespeare's plays. As for the leading claimant, Oxford, he had the good sense to know that he was too hopeless at Latin, had never attended grammar school, joined the leather-trade or worked backstage with a theatre company. Moreover, as Jonathan Bate quietly points out, Oxford was on his deathbed at the time of Jacobean high politics and court-intrigue, and was so deeply into rigor mortis as to be utterly incapable of collaborating eight years after his own demise with John Fletcher on any of the questionable plays in or outside the canon.
Nevertheless, Shakespearean anxiety persists, with (as Marjorie Garber points out in the Nolen) "every age get[ting] the Shakespeare it wants, and perhaps even the Shakespeare it deserves." The overwhelming anxiety concerns finding some visual representation of the real Shakespeare, some painting or portrait of his true face with which to silence the anti-Stratfordians. There are numerous paintings of his face that seemingly come to light from under the beds of many unsuspecting grannies. However, all these happy accidents have had unhappy endings. Only four artifacts have ever had some element of legitimacy: the Martin Droeshout engraving on the title-page of the First Folio of 1623, the Flower painting supposedly done in 1609, the memorial bust at Stratford-on-Avon by Geraert Janssen in 1620, and the Chandos portrait of approximately 1610 in the National Portrait Gallery in London. The doubts and objections continue: the Droeshout (approved of by Shakespeare's friends) is called dull and unskillful; the bust (commissioned and paid for by Shakespeare's family) is derided for making him look like a "self-satisfied pork butcher"; the Chandos can't be Shakespeare, it is said, because it looks either too Italianate or too Jewish; and the Flower is evidently either a glamourised model for or a version of the Droeshout!
The latest candidate in the controversy is in Canadaa small, unsigned oil on wood panel in the possession of a retired engineer from Ottawa, who claims that it has been passed down his family from Shakespeare's time. Now known as the Sanders portrait, it shows a young man with wispy moustache and goatee who wears a doublet with a peculiar collar. He looks bright-eyed and slyly flirtatious with his thin, enigmatic smile. A tattered label with almost indecipherable handwriting identifies the man as Shakespeare at the age of 39. The painting was brought to public attention in May 2001 by Globe and Mail reporter Stephanie Nolen, whose book about the mystery, aptly entitled Shakespeare's Face, is a wonderful mixture of detective work and literary/aesthetic scholarship. The painting (missing a strip of panel on the right) has been subjected to rigorous forensic examination (X-ray, dendrochronology, and carbon dating), and has been accepted as "a pure and good example" of portraiture from the early 17th century, but it is almost certainly not a portrait of Shakespeare.
Nolen's book is expertly edited and assembled. In addition to interesting essays by Shakespearean scholars (including Stanley Wells, Andrew Gurr, and Alexander Leggatt), art historians, and paleographers that alternate with Nolen's journalistic commentary, it contains a portrait gallery, notes on its 11 contributors, end-notes, sources, parting opinions by the experts who have tried to read and assess the portrait, and a list of Shakespearean editions recommended by Leggatt (who is always a pleasure to read). But after all the information on daily life in Shakespeare's time, portrait painting of that era, the development of Shakespeare's myth, and the forensic analysis, there is the final issue which Andrew Gurr articulates: "What Shakespeare looked like is not really very important. He has been dead for nearly four hundred years, so his face is not going to launch any new ships and we are hardly likely to meet him in the street. Getting a fresh idea of what his face looked like cannot alter much of what he has left us. It might shift a few perspectives about his life a little, but it can add nothing to the corpus of his writings, on which his reputation and our valuation stands."
Keith Garebian (Books in Canada)
--This text refers to an alternate
Hardcover
edition.