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The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithradates, Rome's Deadliest Enemy [Hardcover]

Adrienne Mayor
3.8 out of 5 stars  See all reviews (4 customer reviews)

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Book Description

Sep 28 2009

Machiavelli praised his military genius. European royalty sought out his secret elixir against poison. His life inspired Mozart's first opera, while for centuries poets and playwrights recited bloody, romantic tales of his victories, defeats, intrigues, concubines, and mysterious death. But until now no modern historian has recounted the full story of Mithradates, the ruthless king and visionary rebel who challenged the power of Rome in the first century BC. In this richly illustrated book--the first biography of Mithradates in fifty years--Adrienne Mayor combines a storyteller's gifts with the most recent archaeological and scientific discoveries to tell the tale of Mithradates as it has never been told before.

The Poison King describes a life brimming with spectacle and excitement. Claiming Alexander the Great and Darius of Persia as ancestors, Mithradates inherited a wealthy Black Sea kingdom at age fourteen after his mother poisoned his father. He fled into exile and returned in triumph to become a ruler of superb intelligence and fierce ambition. Hailed as a savior by his followers and feared as a second Hannibal by his enemies, he envisioned a grand Eastern empire to rival Rome. After massacring eighty thousand Roman citizens in 88 BC, he seized Greece and modern-day Turkey. Fighting some of the most spectacular battles in ancient history, he dragged Rome into a long round of wars and threatened to invade Italy itself. His uncanny ability to elude capture and surge back after devastating losses unnerved the Romans, while his mastery of poisons allowed him to foil assassination attempts and eliminate rivals.

The Poison King is a gripping account of one of Rome's most relentless but least understood foes.


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Review

I can say without reservation that it's a wonderful reading experience, as bracing as a tonic, the perfect holiday gift for adventure-loving men and women. A finalist for [the 2009] National Book Award, it's drenched in imaginative violence and disaster, but it also wears the blameless vestments of culture and antiquity. You can have all the fun of reading about a greedy villain being put to death by being made to 'drink' molten gold, but still hide safe behind the excuse that you're just brushing up on your classics. -- Carolyn See, Washington Post

Mayor gives us a more nuanced view of the so-called Poison King, placing him in his proper context as a Greco-Persian ruler following in the footsteps of his purported ancestor Alexander the Great. The most compelling aspect of this story is Mayor's engaging style. A true storyteller, she makes Mithradates's world come alive. This distinctive and compelling book is sure to fascinate all readers interested in the ancient world or in understanding the historical politics of the Caucasus region. -- "Library Journal

Thanks be to Adrienne Mayor for a definitive biography, blazing with color, presenting a magnificent cast headed by a hero who caused Rome to tremble for a quarter-century. . . . [H]is splendidly produced book is a cavalcade of intrigue, action, and slaughter. Danger, hope, fear, and love and lust are never absent. -- "ForeWord Reviews

Mayor has specialized in writing well-researched, readable scholarship in the history of ancient science and technology, including the pre-eminent work on ancient chemical and biological warfare. It is fitting, therefore, that her first major biography tackles the life of Mithridates VI of Pontus, known for his knowledge of poisons. It is difficult to weave personal anecdotes (the lifeblood of good biography) with the technical tidbits of science, but Mayor carries it off brilliantly, as evidenced by sections describing Mithridates' youth and early scientific education in Sinope, and his extraordinary chemical knowledge at the peark of his reign. . . . The work is a marvel: part biography, part campaign history, and part scientific exploration, written in a style that makes the book a true page-turner. -- "Choice

Mayor has done an extraordinary job of filling many gaps in the history of this contentious and foggy period. Rightly so, The Poison King was a finalist for the prestigious National Book Award and is an effort worthy of any student of history. -- Lee Scott, Florida Times--Union

Mayor has solid research credentials, and her command of the ancient and modern sources is extensive and impressive. The digressions offered in footnotes are enjoyable and valuable, as are the appendices offering a modern checklist for evaluating Mithradates' psychological condition. Good maps at key points in the narrative are very helpful, and the text is well written and organized chronologically. The author's interest in ancient poisons, chemicals, explosives technology, geography and regional flora and fauna allow her to expound on these subjects while telling her story. . . . Mayor's approach to the material blurs the line between history and historical fiction; one can easily imagine the narrative being turned into a television or movie script. -- Richard Gabriel, Military History

This is a highly coloured portrait and a very readable account of a complex individual with whom Mayor plainly has considerable empathy. The book therefore should find a wide audience and serve as an attractive introduction to its subject. . . . [Mayor] herself says, 'Mithridates' incredible saga is a rollicking good story' and she has narrated it with verve, panache and scholarly skill. -- Arthur Keaveney, Bryn Mawr Classical Review

Newcomers to the field will fall in love with Mayor's Mithradates. For more sober-if less compelling-accounts, they will turn to the recent studies listed in the very good, up-to-date bibliography included in The Poison King. -- Laurence Totelin, Isis

The prose is brilliant. . . . [W]e must regard this work as representing an important step in encouraging interest in the history of this Pontic king. -- Luis Ballesteros Pastor, Ancient West & East

From the Inside Flap

"Mithradates should be a household name alongside his fellow rebels Hannibal, Cleopatra, Spartacus, and Attila. This detailed, juicy, entertaining, yet painstaking work of superb scholarship should finally give Mithradates the recognition he deserves."--Margaret George, author of Helen of Troy: A Novel

"Meticulous in its research, exciting in its narration, ambitious in its conception, The Poison King re-creates an era when much of the Mediterranean world rebelled against Rome. At the center of it all is the fascinating and frightening king who rallied the resistance: Mithradates. Mayor has written a terrific book."--Barry Strauss, author of The Spartacus War

"A fascination with the byways of ancient science, a wonderful eye for the telling detail, and a relish for floating theories that is almost buccaneering: these have always been the trademarks of Adrienne Mayor. Now, with this stirring biography of the toxicologist's favorite tyrant, she parades her gift for narrative as well. Thanks to Mayor, Mithradates has emerged from the shadows at last as one of Rome's most potent and remarkable enemies."--Tom Holland, author of Rubicon: The Last Years of the Roman Republic

"'He died old'--so A. E. Housman refers to the subject of Adrienne Mayor's latest enthralling book, Mithradates VI, king of Pontus. Pursuing her interest in deadly chemical and biological substances, she focuses here on the life and times of the hammer of the mighty Romans in the last century of the Republic, the hellenized oriental ruler finally nailed by Pompey the Great. Ruthless, aggressive, charming, manipulative, callous--was Mithradates a textbook sociopath? Read this exhilarating and penetrating biography to find out."--Paul Cartledge, author of Alexander the Great

"Adrienne Mayor's The Poison King is an intriguing and highly readable new biography of one of the most controversial figures of antiquity, Mithradates--ruthless Hellenistic king, genocidaire, terrorist, alchemist, implacable enemy of Rome. It is an important contribution to our understanding of the desperate measures some rulers were prepared to take to resist Rome's iron-fisted pursuit of empire."--R. Bruce Hitchner, Tufts University


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Customer Reviews

3.8 out of 5 stars
3.8 out of 5 stars
Most helpful customer reviews
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful
2.0 out of 5 stars Historical Fiction Disguised as History April 30 2013
Format:Paperback
No doubt Mithradates is a fascinating figure in history. That little is known of him does not stop Mayor from writing a detailed biography. This is really historical fiction dressed up as a real biography.

Mayor couches his choices by presenting two sides of what may have happened then to seem unbiased chooses to support a version of events that includes all the most exciting elements but tempers them with minor adjustments. For example there is evidence that Mithadates stayed home after his father's death rather than go on the solo adventure described in accounts written by his ancients era spin doctors after his rise to prominence. So we are faced with a biographical detail that has little support for having happened. That does not stop Mayor from having an entire chapter written in novel level of detail including whispering to his trusted friend, his reasons for leaving his brother at home, even the route he took and the a description of his horses, packs and dogs. All of this for journey that it is not even known happened. He puts in phrases like "perhaps" "would have wanted to" "like other travelers of that time."

Time and again he falls abck on how Mithradates idolized Alexander, and how he would have taken certain actions because it would have paralleled Alexander's story.

An interesting book but the presentation borders on academic dishonesty.
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3 of 4 people found the following review helpful
3.0 out of 5 stars Disappointing and Unscholarly Sep 9 2010
By Jag Sulla TOP 1000 REVIEWER
Format:Hardcover
Whoever made this book a 'National Book Award Finalist' must not read much non-fiction, let alone ancient biography. The author takes ridiculous amounts of license by 'inventing' whole chapters worth of the book on ZERO historical backup just to make her story more readable. For example, in the missing years of Mithradates childhood she doesn't just sketch an outline of various possibilities... Instead she invents a detailed account that likely exists only in her imagination. She invents who his companions were. She invents several detailed stops at towns throughout Pontus, including a visit to the temple of love to lose his virginity. I'm sure this is great reading for the general public, but I hope she's the laughing stock of academic community for this piece of tripe. When Anthony Birley, Arthur Keavney, and Julian Bennett write about missing portions of an emperors history they speculate and make a best guess (Like Julian Bennett's excellent re-creation of Emperor Trajan's early years, or Anthony Birley's re-creation of Septimius Severus early years as examples of how its supposed to be done). Adrienne Mayor goes out of her way to make Mithradates a far greater man than he actually was. This is not to deny that he was a significant threat to Rome in the late Republic, but her repeated comparisons with Alexander the Great are like comparing Julius Caesar to Gallienus as great Roman leaders. If you've never heard of Gallienus, that's my point exactly! This author is far more interested in writing a story than she is in creating a historical record. Once she makes her money pandering to the not too bright general public this book will not be used by many scholars as a historical reference later on. Here was a man who lost to Roman forces with superior numbers repeatedly, he eventually loses his kingdom and the confidence of those closest to him and is forced to commit suicide. (Although it is an interesting possibility that Pharnaces substituted another body and allowed Mithradates and Hypsicratea to retire peacefully with the Scythians... albeit unlikely given Mithradates character). The author also tends to emphasis the heroic and generous nature of Mithradates while downplaying more likely cowardly, capricious, and suspicious nature. Mayor likewise does the same for the Romans. She goes out of her way in portraying the Romans as rapacious evil villains without creating a more balanced report. Including for instance Sulla's favorable treatment of areas that resisted Mithradates and stayed allied with the Romans.

The book has several maps that are very useful in orienting yourself to the events relating to it. The images however are largely reproductions of Middle
age or Victorian art. These images are for the most part 'just art'. That is, they do little to convey what the event or incident might really have looked like in lets say 64BC. Since this is a history book and not an art book, and since she has chosen to pander to the general public and not create an accurate historical account, it would have been nice to have a contemporary artist re-create these scenes as they might really have looked in the times we are reading about.

If I could give this book 2 1/2 stars I would. That being said, after you sift through all the crap and pure invention from the imagination of Mayor, there is also some legitimate contribution, and therefore I can't write it off completely. The detail on the Anatolian people and how closely they identified with both Greek and Persian cultural traditions was good. Learning more of the peoples east and north of the Black Sea at this time helped fill in some historical blanks for me. Finally, the book does have the right name. Mithradates may not have been a giant in the annals of history, but the thing he should be remembered for the most is his knowledge of and experimentation with poisons.
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3 of 4 people found the following review helpful
5.0 out of 5 stars Mithradates Mar 29 2010
Format:Hardcover
This is an excellent account of the life of Mithradates. The book reveals a wealth of information about life in and around Pontus (in what is now Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Russia and Bulgaria) at the time of the fall of the Roman Republic. Mithradates was a most remarkable character whose political and military skills were in the same class as his adversaries, the Romans. He can be compared to Hannibal in his crossing of the Caucasus mountains.
While it is tempting to view Rome as the centre of civilisation and knowledge at that time, "The Poison King" demonstrates that the region contributed immensely to the basis of western civilisation in the transfer of goods and ideas from as far as China.
The man himself was a natural leader with outstanding talent in numerous areas. The title alludes to his profound knowledge of poisons and his famous comprehensive antidote, which has never been reproduced. Pontus had abundant plants from which both poisons and antidotes could be extracted. There were also Arsenic mines from which samples could be used to try remedies using one's enemies.
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