- List of Illustrations
- List of Maps and Battle Plans
- List of Tables
- Note on Form
- The Habsburg Family Tree 1500–1665
- Note on Currencies
- Preface
- Introduction Three Men and a Window
- Trouble in the Heart of Christendom The Empire
- Casa d'Austria Lands and Dynasty
- The Turkish War and its Consequences The Turkish Menace
- Pax Hispanica The Spanish Monarchy
- Dominium Maris Baltici Denmark
- From Rudolf to Matthias 1582–1612 Religion and the German Princes
- On the Brink? Emperor Matthias
- The Bohemian Revolt 1618–20 For Liberty and Privilege
- Ferdinand Triumphant 1621–4 The Palatine Cause
- Olivares and Richelieu Olivares
- Denmark's War against the Emperor 1625–9 Trouble in Lower Saxony
- The Threat of European War 1628–30 The Baltic
- The Lion of the North 1630–2 Swedish Intervention
- Without Gustavus 1633–4 The Heilbronn League
- For the Liberty of Germany 1635–6 Richelieu Resolves on War
- Habsburg High Tide 1637–40 Stalemate
- In the Balance 1641–3 The Franco-Swedish Alliance 1641
- Pressure to Negotiate 1644–5 The Westphalian Congress
- War or Peace 1646–8 A Crisis of Confidence 1646
- The Westphalian Settlement The International Dimension
- The Human and Material Cost An All-destructive Fury?
- Experiencing War The Nature of Experience
Part one: Beginnings
Interpretations
The Argument
Confessionalization
Religion and Imperial Law
Estates and Confession
The Catholic Revival
The Ways of War
The Long Turkish War
The Brothers' Quarrel
The Dutch Revolt 1568–1609
The Spanish Road
Spanish Peace-making 161
The Divided House of Vasa
Poland-Lithuania
Confession and Imperial Politics to 1608
Union and Liga 1608–9
The Ju¨ lich-Cleves Crisis 1609–10
The Uskok War and the Habsburg Succession 1615–17 255
Palatine Brinkmanship
Part Two: Conflict
A King for a Crown
Ferdinand Gathers his Forces
White Mountain
Accounting for Failure
Protestant Paladins
The Catholic Ascendancy 1621–9
Richelieu
The Valtellina
Wallenstein
Denmark's Defeat 1626–9
The Netherlands
Mantua and La Rochelle
The Edict of Restitution
The Regensburg Electoral Congress 1630
Between the Lion and the Eagle
The Swedish Empire
Calls for Assistance
Zenith
Tension along the Rhine
Spain Intervenes
Wallenstein: the Final Act
The Two Ferdinands
The War in the West 1635–6
The Peace of Prague 1635
Appeals to Patriotism
Renewed Efforts for Peace
Resolution on the Rhine
Peace for North Germany?
The War in the Empire 1642–3
Spain's Growing Crisis 1635–43
From Breda to Rocroi 1637–43
France in Germany 1644
The Baltic Becomes Swedish 1643–5
1645: Annus horribilis et mirabilis
Towards Consensus
Spain's Peace with the Dutch
The Final Round 1648
Part Three: Aftermath
A Christian Peace
Demobilization
The Imperial Recovery
The Demographic Impact
The Economic Impact
The Crisis of the Territorial State
Cultural Impact
Military–Civil Relations
Perceptions
Commemoration
- Abbreviations
- Notes
- Index