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Some Specific Reasons Why Dunn Is Dead Wrong, Déc 12 2000
Dunn says the Great Pyramid blocks were machined without explaining what powered the tools. In Dunn's scenario, electricity existed only subsequent to construction!Dunn offers an incorrect description of the rock-concrete (geopolymer) theory, which theory obviates his. Why?
Developing his theory, Dunn consulted various individuals, but no geopolymer spokesperson, despite admitting that geopolymerization challenged him. Why? Dunn does not refute the chemical analyses of pyramid stone he cites. Instead, he irrelevantly points to sarcophagi made over 1000 years after the Great Pyramid was built, when the stone-making technology was in decline. Dunn assumes that geopolymers, if used at all, were only poured into molds. Wrong! Unhardened rock-concrete can be worked like clay on a potter's wheel. Objects can be created by packing together individual quantities of uncured rock-concrete, skillfully shaped and finished with simple tools before ultimate hardening. A finish can be applied with one or more rock-concrete coatings. These techniques are used separately or in combination to construct an object. This flexible system eliminated quarrying, shaping, lifting and setting natural rock blocks and explains the heretofore unresolved features of the Great Pyramid and associated monuments and artifacts. Why didn't Dunn discuss this? Revealing a rock-concrete object's construction method may require a subsurface examination. Distinguishing between natural rock and geopolymeric rock-concrete will normally require chemical analysis and microscopy, the geopolymer cement requiring a scanning electron microscope. Dunn ignores these facts. Modern quarries exhibit cuts made by power saws. If the pyramid blocks were machined, the pyramid era quarries should exhibit similar marks. But they bear only the crude marks of stone picks (Arnold, D., "Building In Egypt"), a fact consistent with a disaggregation process for geopolymerization. Dunn ignores this, too. The Great Pyramid's limestone blocks are geopolymeric rock-concrete made at ambient temperatures with the Giza quarry's high-clay-content limestone, initially disaggregated because its clay was released by water that flooded the quarries. It's been demonstrated! Granite was otherwise disaggregated. Rejecting the pyramids as funerary monuments, Dunn asks why robbers would steal "corpses" (mummies), failing to acknowledge that royal mummy wrappings have contained numerous precious amulets. Egyptologists understand that the Great Pyramid, containing a sarcophagus and surrounded by royal tombs in the Necropolis ("City of the Dead"), represents the mythological primeval mountain. This fundamental religious concept, which Egypt shared with other nations, survived in architecture (pyramids, ziggurats, and temples) for several thousand years. Dunn ignores this concept. To disprove that the Great Pyramid is a primeval mountain funerary monument, Dunn must convincingly disprove the Great Pyramid's relationship to this concept. He does not. Dunn speculates that a cataclysm caused machine tools to vanish. But what cataclysm lasted over 6000 years, during which time artifacts of the type Dunn claims were machined, were fashioned? Diorite vessels date to Neolithic times (c. 7000 B.C.). Diorite continued to be fashioned until at least the 25th Dynasty (712-657 B.C.). This spans over 6000 years. The 18th (1550-1307 B.C.) and 19th (1307-1196 B.C.) Dynasties produced truly impressive monolithic colossi of granite or quartzite weighing up to over 1000-tons each. How could machine tools and all associated high technology, used for over 6000 years, disappear while primitive tools and low technology objects survived? Dunn asserts that an iron scrap found inside the Great Pyramid proves contemporaneous iron production. Egyptologists don't agree, citing extensive 19th Dynasty pyramid repairs and the absence of convincing evidence of iron smelting. No sealed Old Kingdom (2575-2134 B.C.) tomb has yielded wrought iron. Evidence for even one smelting facility dated to the Old or Middle Kingdom is lacking. If original, said iron could be a foreign gift placed in the masonry, like amulets inserted into mummy wrappings. For his power plant to work, Dunn claims iron and gold lined the entire lengths of the narrow northern and southern shafts of the King's Chamber. Dunn presents no evidence for such a lining, save for the implication of the above-mentioned unconvincing iron scrap. However, he partially inspected the northern shaft and mentions no sign of metal or its removal. Dunn does not explain how energy was transferred to power tools. He incongruously mixes low and high technology, claiming that a wood and bronze "grapnel hook" is part of a critical fluid control switch--as if its curved edge is a proper contact surface. Dunn offers no proof that it floats or its weight distribution allows the required horizontal flotation. It is unbelievable that Dunn's advanced technology coexisted with such "gerry-rigging." Bronze appeared in Egypt hundreds of years after the Great Pyramid's construction. This hook, resembling nothing known from the Pyramid Age, is probably nothing but a "grapnel hook" placed in the Great Pyramid long after its construction. Dunn asserts that a crack in the Queen's Chamber metered fluids! A crack is subject to erosion, and dimensional instability caused by settlement, earthquakes and etc. Why would engineers using ultrasound, high-speed motorized machinery and more impressive technology substitute "Flintstones" technology for a drilled orifice or truly sophisticated metering device? Features Dunn claims support a power plant actually support geopolymerization best. For instance, Dunn says that the power plant's chemicals created salt on certain limestone walls because of a reaction with the limestone. But geopolymerized stone can release such salt.... Salt appears on walls of other pyramids. For instance, Petrie reported "a good deal of crystallized salt" inside Khafra's granite (not limestone!) sarcophagus. Dunn ignores these facts that oppose his theory. This phenomena evidences geopolymerization, not Gizapower! If the strange description of the granite matrix in the King's Chamber (page 152) that Dunn presents is accurate, it suggests artificial stone, as do Dunn's remarks about Petrie's granite core # 7 from Khafra's Valley Temple, "The confounding fact that the spiral groove cut deeper through the quartz than through the softer feldspar. In conventional machining the reverse would be the case." Dunn legitimately asserts that certain features cannot be explained by utilizing ancient Egyptian tools. His evidence inadvertently helps prove that geopolymerization is the answer to otherwise puzzling monuments and artifacts.
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