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Pathologies of Power: Health, Human Rights, and the New War on the Poor, With a New Preface by the Author

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There are some books whose message is so pertinent to your daily life that they stay with you for a long time. Farmer's PATHOLOGIES OF POWER will have a profound impression on you. Its substance is highly relevant for current topical debates, whether on Medicare and the forty million uninsured in the US, the Canadian government's ambition to "fix" healthcare or on strategies to fight health pandemics like HIV/AIDS. Farmer submits an emphatic challenge to the medical profession, to political and business leaders, mainstream media and all of us.

Farmer stands emphatically on the side of the destitute, marginalized and usually overlooked. His vivid case studies exemplify the fate of millions of "nobodies" - the silent majority of the world's population who have none or inadequate heath care. Why, he asks, are health care services not made available to all human beings irrespective of race, gender, locale, or the ability to pay? Is it not a fundamental human right? Why do millions in developing countries, in the slums of US cities or prisons in Russia, die prematurely of infectious diseases to which medical research has found successful treatments? Can we morally accept that medical research prioritizes cures for baldness or impotence over medicines that protect from drug-resistant tuberculosis or malaria? And, where has medical ethics come to that condones, or even supports, the "commodification" of medicine? How can cost-effectiveness and the ability to pay apply to essential medical treatment? he queries.

Rooted in his deep belief in human dignity and the fundamental nature of human rights, Farmer also draws strength from liberation theology as he "walks the talk". For more than 20 years, Farmer, anthropologist as well as medical doctor, has dedicated his life to the struggle of the "nobodies" for survival, health and dignity. Working among the poorest and the outcasts, he has lived with the evidence that illness is intimately linked with poverty. From his base in central Haiti, one of the world's poorest regions, he has embarked on an international crusade for social and economic rights and the right to health for all - and "that means every body!" Whether in Haiti, the slums of New York and Boston, in Peru or the prisons in Russia, "structural violence" has been the underlying cause for the desperate spiral of illness and destitution. Farmer uses the concept of "structural violence" broadly to describe social inequalities, lack of economic opportunities, activities of oppressive states: the "misery of extreme poverty". Nobel Prize winning economist Amartya Sen, one of Farmer's mentors, describes it as the destructive forces of "unfreedoms".

Farmer's book is a passionate testament to his many patients and their struggle for their rights and dignity. Consequently, it is a damning critique of current health delivery services by governments, international health experts and aid agencies. He analyses the flaws of the charity and development models to healthcare and concludes that "In a world riven by inequity, medicine could be viewed as social justice work."

While his recounting of individual cases makes at times gloomy reading, his empathy and fervour speak directly to us, his readers. We are drawn emotionally and intellectually into this complex and multifaceted challenge. Drawing on numerous scholars and practitioners, he exemplifies why we should question the underlying fabric of our current approach to human rights, development policy and globalized economy. Human rights work, he argues, has primarily been viewed from a legal perspective with an emphasis on civil and political rights. Instead, he insists, the focus needs to shift so that public health and access to medical care are treated as social and economic rights. These, in turn, have to be understood as critical as civil and political rights, he concludes.

PATHOLOGIES OF POWER is central to the current debates on health, social justice and human rights. It is also an essential tool for anybody involved in any aspect of public health care, medical ethics and sustainable development. Furthermore, it is an extraordinary study resource for everybody interested in the future of human well being. Farmer's own testimony, "bearing witness", and his in-depth analyses are enriched by detailed quotes and ample footnotes from a wide spectrum of analysts and visionaries. [Friederike Knabe]