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The Gospel According to Jesus Christ (Harvest in Translation) First Edition, Kindle Edition
| Giovanni Pontiero (Translator) Find all the books, read about the author and more. See search results for this author |
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For José Saramago, the life of Jesus Christ and the story of his Passion were things of this earth: a child crying, a gust of wind, the caress of a woman half asleep, the bleat of a goat or the bark of a dog, a prayer uttered in the grayish morning light. The Holy Family reflects the real complexities of any family, but this is realism filled with vision, dream, and omen.
Saramago’s deft psychological portrait of a savior who is at once the Son of God and a young man of this earth is an expert interweaving of poetry and irony, spirituality and irreverence. The result is nothing less than a brilliant skeptic’s wry inquest into the meaning of God and of human existence.
“Enough to assure [Saramago] a place in the universal library and in human memory.”—The Nation
“Fiction that engages the mind as well as the spirit.”—Kirkus Reviews
“Mixes magic, myth, and reality into a potent brew.”—Booklist
Praise for José Saramago
“The greatest writer of our time.”—Chicago Tribune
“A literary master.”—The Boston Globe
“Saramago is the most tender of writers . . . With a clear-eyed and compassionate acknowledgment of things as they are, and a quality that can only be termed wisdom. We should be grateful when it is handed to us in such generous measure.”—The New York Times
“Saramago’s fiction operates in a realm not far from fable: the territory of Kafka, Gogol, and Borges.”—Los Angeles Times
- ISBN-13978-0156001410
- EditionFirst
- PublisherMariner Books
- Publication dateSept. 28 1994
- LanguageEnglish
- File size1346 KB
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Product description
From Publishers Weekly
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
From Library Journal
- Kathleen Norris, Lemmon P.L., S.D.
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
From Booklist
From the Back Cover
For Jose Saramago, the life of Jesus Christ and the story of His Passion are things of this earth: A child crying, a gust of wind, the caress of a woman half asleep, the bleat of a goat or the bark of a dog, a prayer uttered in the grayish morning light. The Holy Family reflects the real complexities of any family, but this is realism filled with vision, dream, and omen.
Saramago's deft psychological portrait of a savior who is at once the Son of God and a young man of this earth is an expert interweaving of poetry and irony, spirituality and irreverence. The result is nothing less than a brilliant skeptic's wry inquest into the meaning of God and of human existence. --This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
About the Author
--This text refers to an alternate kindle_edition edition.
Review
â“Enough to assure [Saramago] a place in the universal library and in human memory.”—The Nation
“Fiction that engages the mind as well as the spirit.”—Kirkus
“Mixes magic, myth, and reality into a potent brew.”—Booklist
From Kirkus Reviews
Product details
- ASIN : B003WJQ6W2
- Publisher : Mariner Books; First edition (Sept. 28 1994)
- Language : English
- File size : 1346 KB
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 388 pages
- Best Sellers Rank: #312,419 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #197 in Christian Biblical Fiction
- #694 in Religious Historical Fiction
- #1,117 in Religious Fiction
- Customer Reviews:
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This is obviously not a book that would be well-loved by very religious Christians, since in re-formulating the story, Saramago changes some of the major tenets of the faith like the virgin birth, the relationship of Jesus with Mary Magdalene, the Lazarus story, and the circumstances around the crucifixion, as well as the nature of god himself. Of course, it helps to be aware of the biblical version of these events to understand how and why Saramago might have changed them around. It's hard to tell how seriously this book should be taken because so much of it is actually quite funny. But fundamentally it could force us to ask questions like: why believe in God? what are the motivations of a God who does the things the bible says he does? are those characters that are so traditionally vilified like the devil and Judas really so bad?
Some of the changes hardly seem novel. Saramago has not been the first or the last to suggest that the virgin birth didn't really happen that way, or to tell us that Jesus and Mary Magdalene were actually lovers. So some of those aspects of the book were not particularly interesting to me.
I thought this book was okay. It does provoke some thought, as mentioned above, but it fell a little short of being life- or faith-altering for me.
I haven't read Saramago's other books so I don't know how this compares to those.
The novel hinges on the fact that Jesus' father, Joseph of Nazareth, out of cowardice and selfishness of the heart, failed to alert the parents that King Herod had issued a decree to kill boys under the age of 3. He could have spared the lives of 27 children had he spoken up. Joseph felt the scruple of running off to save his own son but had forfeited the lives of others. The guilt he felt was exactly guilt a man may feel without having sinned or committed the actual crime himself. It was the sin of omission.
To assuage his remorse that incessantly plagued him, Joseph, as he truly believed he was acting out of his own accord and obeying God's will, made strenuous effort to beget more and more children to compensate for the 27 lives. When Jesus learned about Joseph's crime, Jesus felt poignant for his father but asserted that his father was to blame for the deaths of innocent children. Joseph's sin was illustrated to full actuality as Jesus envisaged infants dying in perfect innocence and parents who had done nothing wrong. Jesus was embittered and broken at the fact that never was a man more guilty than his own father, who had sinned to save his life.
Joseph's death, which was rather dramatic and undeserving, bore the scruple of his own conscience and arose the question of what awaited him after death. Would it be possible than everything ended with death? What would happen to the life's sorrow and sufferings, especially the sufferings right before the last breath? What about the memory if time is such an undulating surface than can only be accessed by memory, would memory of such suffering linger at least for a short period of time? Saramago has repeatedly made claims to explore the notion of after-death and its correlation to human existence throughout the novel.
Jesus under Saramago's pen is not as perfect, impure, and righteous as the Bible portraits him to be. One sees that the savior succumbs to temptation, to not receiving the cup of death, to choose to remain on earth and not to be crowned with glory. The most provocative and controversial aspect of the book is when Jesus intervened the stoning of an adulteress, which brought him to awareness that he was living in sin with Mary Magdalene, and thus living in defiance to God's will. The sin of adultery (sexual immorality as the Bible claims) brought Jesus into open conflict with the observed law.
The book is not deprived of interesting dialogues in spite of the serious overtones of theology. My favorite is the conversation in which the Devil pleaded with God to admit him into the kingdom. God curtly denied the request asserting than the good God represented would cease to exist without the evil Devil represented. In regard to the meaning of human existence and the pursuit of holiness, Saramago does leave us with an enlightening thought (with such sober dignity) that the soul, in order to be able to boast of a clean and blameless body, has burdened itself with sadness, envy and impurity.
2004 (8)
Saramago is an atheist lefty who enjoys lambasting the preposterousness of the Jesus story but makes of his reworking of it a love story, fable of tyranny, exploration of the forces bringing a religion into being, and commentary on the barely human existence of the poor around 0 BCE, as well as (and much more so than) a bit of Christianity-knocking. The miracles are of the same stuff as Portugal drifting off to take a tour of the Atlantic in "The Stone Raft" or the whole world going blind in "Blindness", they are lightly-weighted metaphor, candid tricks (I the author can do this, and you can enjoy or hate it, as you please, if you enter this lengthy sentence I promise I will break many other rules but thoroughly entertain you with novel conflations of the great and the small, the dire and the hilarious, so as to challenge your perceptions of great, small, dire, etc).
To find this treatment of Jesus "blasphemous" is funny, we may be thankful that most of civilization finds blasphemy as quaint as Baal and other vicious antique gods, but it is also scary, America the secular state is still very much under attack, and freedom of-and from- religion are hardly assured. The Inquisition and the awful Hibernian royalty of Saramago's "Baltasar and Blimunda" are mocked by the author so that we laugh at the horrendous and ridiculous antics of tyrants and villainous monks that so appall us. In his Gospel "liberated" from Matthew, Mark and the other incriminants, Saramago loves his very fallible Jesus and all the Mary's, mocks and mourns everything from our credulity and slavery to religion to even our notion of what is funny, and has a heck of a good time doing it.
Top reviews from other countries
The word Gospel (and also Evangelho, in Saramago’s original Portuguese title) means “good news”; but there is no good news in this story of Jesus Christ according to the atheist José Saramago.
For the first seventy pages or so out of 350, he sticks reasonably close to the Biblical accounts, but filling the story out: for instance by describing in some detail the story of the journey from Nazareth to Bethlehem for the census; or by dropping in well-researched details, for instance of the lay-out of the Temple or the way that men (like Joseph) normally treated their wives (like Mary). But Saramago also takes quite a few liberties with the Gospels, such as having a mysterious beggar rather than the archangel Gabriel making the Annunciation. But in the first few chapters of the book these liberties are not subversive of the Gospel story in any profound sense.
Every now and then, Saramago addresses the reader directly, sometimes telling him what he (the author) is doing; at other times with sardonical observations like asking how God could be pleased with the disgusting scenes and stenches as animals were sacrificed to him at the Temple - the revulsion against sacrifices is one of the recurring themes of the book.
The first significant departure from the Gospels relates to the Massacre of the Innocents. What is not so important is how Joseph learns of the impending massacre - though this is not in the way told in Matthew’s Gospel; but rather the guilt that fell on Joseph and - by extension (so it was told) on his baby son - for having done nothing to warn the parents in Bethlehem of what he had learnt. From now on, invented narratives follow thick and fast.
Saramago has invented a terrible fate for Joseph; so Mary’s first grief is for her husband; and Jesus, too, still a boy of thirteen, grieves for him, and, learning of the guilt Joseph had felt, himself felt guilty that he had been saved when so many had been slaughtered. It gives him nightmares in which he dreams that his father (Father?) was out to kill him; and presently they drive him from his home and he makes for the Temple in Jerusalem, a journey again told in great detail. At the Temple he searches out a scribe and asks him about the theology of inherited guilt: the answer he receives confirms his terrible burden.
There is a continual wrestling with theological questions: is all the suffering in the world part of God’s inscrutable plan or is God’s will thwarted by human actions, performed because we are free but for which we will be punished? Or are there in fact two rulers of the world: God and Satan?
More inventions follow to fill in the unknown years of Jesus’ adolescence. Jesus takes a job in the wilderness as a shepherd, under a mysterious Master; and much play is made of the way he looks after the sheep and will not offer a lamb up for sacrifice at the Temple.
When Jesus is eighteen Saramago has God appear to him and tell him that he has a mission for him, whose nature will become clear in due course. The mysterious Master dismisses him and Jesus makes his way back to Nazareth. Now there are some evocations of the Gospel story, distorted though they are: he meets the fishermen Simon and Andrew, James and John whose nets he fills - he himself does not know how - with fish. He meets Mary Magdalen, loses his virginity to her and for many days is initiated by her into all the pleasures of the Song of Solomon. His brief return to his home in Nazareth is again invention, except that his brothers do not believe him when he tells the family that he had seen God. So he returns to Mary Magdalene, who does believe him; and they live together, leaving Magdala as Jesus continues helping the fishing community with the gift - of bringing in more fish, of calming a storm on the lake - he does not himself understand. By the time of the wedding at Cana, he is assured of his power. (Saramago makes the bride one of Jesus’ sisters and the groom a kinsman of Andrew’s. He will also conflate Mary Magdalene with Mary of Bethany, so making her a sister of Lazarus whose Gospel story he will also subvert.)
By the time Jesus is twenty-five he knows he has the power to perform miracles; and when a madman calls him the Son of God, he starts to believe this himself. This is confirmed by God Himself, over forty days, in a second encounter which is not to be found in the Gospels and which is the crux of the book. God tells Jesus exactly what He has in mind for him, and that purpose of his martyrdom is that God’s reign shall be acknowledged not only by the small Jewish tribe but by Gentiles for centuries to come. When Jesus asks Him whether that will mean an end of human suffering, God has to say that suffering and martyrdoms will continue and He produces an alphabetical list running over many pages of the way in which martyrs will be put to death down the ages for bearing witness to Him. Countless others will be martyred by the Inquisition because they don’t believe the current orthodoxies about Him. There will be bloody wars and slaughter without end in His name and in the name of His enemies. And the reason for the continuation of all this suffering is that, as God’s reach grows, so also does that of the Devil who, it is now confirmed, has appeared several times in this story since the beginning and who is indeed present also during this encounter. The Devil makes an offer to God: to avoid all this suffering he proposes that God should forgive him his past offences and to allow him back as an obedient subject into the Heavenly Kingdom from which he had been expelled. God rejects the offer: the Good he represents cannot exist without the Evil represented by the Devil.
To me the weakest part of the book is that, with all these horrors foretold, Jesus does not go on strike! He accepts the mission and it is only now, some 50 pages from the end of a 350 page book, that he enlists his twelve disciples and embarks on his ministry.
Perhaps needless to say, these last pages again jumble up and change elements of the Gospel story more than ever. Suffice it to say that Saramago ends this novel, as he would end his later novel “Cain” (see my review) with an indictment of God: here the last words of Jesus on the Cross are “Men, forgive Him, for He knows not what He has done.”
Regrettably Saramago, as always, spoils an ingenious story by indulging in the wilful and entirely pointless mannerism of not using quotation marks and, worse than that, not even having a separate line between one person and another person speaking. It makes the long debates and discussions particularly difficult to follow. There are in any case hardly any paragraph breaks and the punctuation is wilfully eccentric also. It’s a pity that the translator, Giovanni Pontiero, probably did not have the right (and might not have had the wish) to present the work in a more user-friendly form.
It's the blunt punchline we've long seen coming - Christ and his followers cast as victims of a rapacious, insensitive God.
It's an interesting, worthwhile exercise this reimagining of Christ's story under a modern, more secular, sensibility. Though the arch humour, scattered throughout, is less amusing than Saramago thinks it is, in my opinion. And the story drags.
For example, you'd think crisis talks between God, Satan and Jesus Christ in the hands of a Nobel-winning writer would equal box office entertainment. Except it doesn't. Laboured and rather leaden. Saramago's interpretation one-dimensional and predictable. Maybe I just wasn't getting the joke.
Jesus' biblical story is re-told by an unnamed `evangelist' at pains to detail his early life so that the reader can understand his subsequent actions. The guilt suffered by Joseph by not warning the parents of Bethlehem of Herod's intended massacre of the innocents drives and haunts him throughout his life and becomes Jesus' inheritance. The angst of Jesus continues through much of the book and is later replaced by the demands of his second Father, God. These demands are transmuted into guilt for the future deaths and sufferings of many thousands of people when Jesus begins to understand God's plan to start a world encompassing religion using his son's life and death.
If God made man in his image, then God must be made in man's image - and if this is so, then he must act with all the faults and errors of a man though with more power. This logic informs the final third of the novel once God has made his divine plan known.
The narrator also picks at the many holes in the Gospels' accounts using logic and reasoning. But this is not the real purpose of this novel - after all many other writers from Thomas Paine to Christopher Hitchens have obliterated any claim the Bible may have had to be either a true account of a divinely written text. The central aim in this book is to answer the question "Who is God and why does he allow such evil, misery and suffering in the world?"
As an antitheist this novel is hardly going to challenge a faith - but if you are a believer in Christianity there is one major eye opening (maybe mind-opening would be more apt) section when God lists many the martyrs (by name)that must die, and how they die and then discourses on the thousands (millions?) who are destined to perish whether for the religion or against it - it makes no odds which side you are on.


